Cardiovascular Exercise


Cardiovascular exercise, also known as aerobic exercise, is any physical activity that increases the heart rate and respiration rate, and engages large muscle groups in a rhythmic and continuous manner. This type of exercise improves the efficiency of the cardiovascular system, strengthens the heart and lungs, and enhances overall endurance. Examples of cardiovascular exercise include running, cycling, swimming, and brisk walking. The recommended duration and intensity of cardiovascular exercise varies depending on individual fitness level and goals, but generally, adults should aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise per week. In space and astronautical engineering context, cardiovascular exercise is an essential component of astronaut fitness and health maintenance during long-duration space missions, as microgravity and radiation exposure can lead to cardiovascular deconditioning and other health risks.


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