True Anomaly (aka J)
True anomaly is the angle between the position of a planet or a spacecraft in its elliptical orbit and the point of closest approach to the focus of the ellipse (perifocus). It is measured from the focus of the ellipse to the planet or spacecraft and is equal to the angle between the periapsis (closest point to the focus) and the position of the planet or spacecraft, as measured from the center of the ellipse. True anomaly is an important parameter in spacecraft navigation and mission planning, as it determines the position of the spacecraft in its orbit at any given time.
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