Rocket Nozzles

Rocket nozzles are the final component of a rocket engine that converts the high pressure and temperature gases produced by the combustion of propellants into a high-velocity exhaust jet. The nozzle's shape is designed to accelerate the exhaust gases to the highest possible velocity while minimizing losses due to friction and shock waves. The nozzle's efficiency is critical to the rocket's overall performance, as it determines the exhaust velocity and thrust produced by the engine. Rocket nozzles can be either convergent, divergent, or a combination of both, depending on the type of engine and the desired performance. Convergent nozzles accelerate the exhaust gases to supersonic speeds, while divergent nozzles further expand the gases to maximize thrust. Rocket nozzles are typically made of high-temperature materials such as carbon-carbon composites or refractory metals to withstand the extreme heat and pressure of the exhaust gases.
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