Johnson-Nyquist Noise

Johnson-Nyquist noise, also known as thermal noise or white noise, is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of electrons in a conductor. It is a fundamental noise source in electronic circuits and can limit the sensitivity and accuracy of electronic devices. The noise power spectral density is proportional to the temperature and the bandwidth of the circuit. To reduce Johnson-Nyquist noise, engineers can use low-noise components, reduce the temperature of the circuit, or use signal processing techniques such as filtering or averaging. Johnson-Nyquist noise is an important consideration in the design of space-based electronic systems, where the temperature can vary widely and the sensitivity and accuracy of the system are critical.
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