Geiger-Muller Counters

Geiger-Muller Counters are devices used to detect and measure ionizing radiation. They consist of a gas-filled tube with a central wire anode and a cylindrical metal cathode. When ionizing radiation enters the tube, it ionizes the gas molecules, creating a cascade of electrons that are collected by the anode and amplified into an electrical pulse. The number of pulses detected per unit time is proportional to the intensity of the radiation. Geiger-Muller Counters are commonly used in space and astronautical engineering to measure radiation levels in spacecraft and on planetary surfaces.
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