Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy, and other pigments that help capture different wavelengths of light. Within the chloroplasts, there are thylakoid membranes that contain photosystems, which are complexes of proteins and pigments that work together to convert light energy into chemical energy. The chemical energy is then used to power the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Chloroplasts also contain stroma, a fluid that surrounds the thylakoid membranes and contains enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of glucose. In addition to their role in photosynthesis, chloroplasts are involved in other metabolic processes, such as the synthesis of amino acids and lipids.
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