Cardiovascular Endurance
Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles during sustained physical activity. In the context of space and astronautical engineering, cardiovascular endurance is a critical factor for astronauts who must maintain physical fitness during long-duration space missions. Prolonged exposure to microgravity can lead to a decrease in cardiovascular function, which can result in a range of health problems, including muscle atrophy, bone loss, and cardiovascular deconditioning. To maintain cardiovascular endurance in space, astronauts engage in regular exercise programs that include aerobic and resistance training. These programs are designed to simulate the physiological demands of Earth-based activities and to prevent the negative effects of microgravity on the cardiovascular system.
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