Vibration
In space and astronautical engineering, vibration refers to the oscillatory motion of a structure or a component caused by external or internal forces. Vibration can have detrimental effects on the performance, reliability, and safety of spacecraft and launch vehicles. The sources of vibration can be diverse, including engine combustion, aerodynamic loads, mechanical resonances, and acoustic noise. Vibration can induce fatigue, wear, and fracture in materials, loosen fasteners, misalign optics, and disturb sensitive experiments. Therefore, vibration control and mitigation are critical aspects of spacecraft and launch vehicle design and testing. Vibration can be reduced by passive means, such as damping and isolation, or by active means, such as feedback control and piezoelectric actuators. Vibration testing is a standard procedure to verify the structural integrity and functionality of spacecraft and launch vehicles under simulated launch and operational conditions.
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