Thermal Control
Thermal control is the management of temperature in spacecraft and other space systems to ensure that they operate within safe temperature ranges and maintain optimal performance. In space, there is no atmosphere to conduct heat away from a spacecraft, so thermal control is critical to prevent overheating or freezing of sensitive components. Thermal control systems use a combination of passive and active techniques to manage temperature, including insulation, radiators, heaters, and heat pipes. Passive techniques rely on materials with low thermal conductivity to reduce heat transfer, while active techniques use electrical or mechanical systems to regulate temperature. Thermal control is essential for all space missions, from low Earth orbit to deep space exploration, and is a key consideration in spacecraft design and operation.
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