Inertial Navigation System

Inertial Navigation System (INS) is a navigation aid that uses a computer, motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors (gyroscopes) and occasionally magnetic sensors (magnetometers) to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the need for external references. It is used on vehicles such as ships, aircraft, submarines, guided missiles, and spacecraft. The system is able to retain its accuracy for short periods only, and must be frequently corrected by inputs from other navigation methods such as satellite navigation and radar altimeters. In aerospace engineering, INS plays a crucial role in the guidance systems of various aircraft and spacecraft, providing critical data that helps in navigation and control. The system's ability to function without external references makes it an essential component in space missions where GPS or other external navigation aids may not be available or reliable.
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