Area Ruling
Area ruling is a design technique used in the field of aerospace engineering to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds. The concept was first introduced by Richard T. Whitcomb of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) in the 1950s. The principle behind area ruling is to shape an aircraft such that the cross-sectional area changes smoothly along the length of the aircraft, rather than having abrupt changes. This is achieved by narrowing the fuselage around the wing area to maintain a roughly constant cross-sectional area. The technique reduces the formation of shock waves, which are the primary cause of wave drag at high speeds. Area ruling has been used in the design of numerous aircraft, including the F-102 Delta Dagger and the Concorde.
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