Transonic Speeds
In aerospace engineering, transonic speeds refer to the range of speeds just below and above the speed of sound (Mach 1). This is typically between Mach 0.8 and Mach 1.2. At these speeds, the airflow over an aircraft or spacecraft can be both subsonic and supersonic at the same time. This creates a complex flow pattern, leading to phenomena such as shock waves and rapid changes in air pressure and temperature. These phenomena can cause significant aerodynamic drag and structural stress, making transonic speeds a critical regime for aircraft and spacecraft design. Engineers must carefully design and test vehicles intended to operate at these speeds to ensure they can handle the associated aerodynamic and structural challenges. This is particularly important for commercial jet aircraft, which often cruise at transonic speeds, and for spacecraft during re-entry, when they transition through the transonic regime.
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