Thermodynamics

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• Leptons: In the context of space and astronautical engineering, leptons are a type of elementary particle that do not interact via the strong nuclear force. They include the electron, muon, and tau particles, as well as their corresponding neutrinos ... Read More >>
• Impact: In space and astronautical engineering, impact refers to the collision of two objects in space. Impacts can occur between natural objects such as asteroids, comets, and meteoroids, or between artificial objects such as spacecraft and space ... Read More >>
• Radiation Effects: Radiation Effects refer to the impact of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on spacecraft, astronauts, and equipment. Ionizing radiation includes high-energy particles such as protons, electrons, and heavy ions that can cause damage to bio ... Read More >>