Latitude (aka The Geodetic Latitude

Latitude, also known as geodetic latitude, is the angular distance of a point on the surface of a planet or other celestial body north or south of the equator, measured in degrees along a meridian. In space and astronautical engineering, latitude is an important parameter for determining the position of a spacecraft or satellite in orbit around a planet or other celestial body. The latitude of a spacecraft can affect its trajectory and the amount of fuel required for maneuvers. In addition, latitude is used in the design and operation of ground-based tracking stations and communication systems for spacecraft. The geodetic latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the normal to the reference ellipsoid at a given point on the surface of the planet.
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