Instruments

Instruments are devices used in space and astronautical engineering to measure, observe, or control various physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, velocity, acceleration, and radiation. They are essential for gathering data and providing feedback for the operation and maintenance of spacecraft and satellites. Instruments can be categorized into several types based on their functions, such as sensors, actuators, controllers, and communication devices. Sensors are used to detect and measure physical quantities, while actuators are used to control or manipulate them. Controllers are used to regulate the behavior of a system based on feedback from sensors and actuators. Communication devices are used to transmit data and commands between spacecraft and ground stations. Instruments can be designed for specific missions and environments, such as deep space exploration, planetary landings, or Earth observation. They can also be designed for specific scientific disciplines, such as astronomy, geology, or atmospheric science.
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