Health Effects
Health Effects in space and astronautical engineering refer to the physiological and psychological changes that occur in humans during spaceflight. These changes include but are not limited to bone and muscle loss, cardiovascular changes, immune system dysfunction, radiation exposure, and psychological stress. The microgravity environment of spaceflight causes a redistribution of fluids in the body, leading to a decrease in bone density and muscle mass. The cardiovascular system also undergoes changes, including a decrease in blood volume and changes in blood pressure regulation. The immune system is also affected, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. Exposure to radiation in space can cause DNA damage and increase the risk of cancer. Psychological stressors such as isolation, confinement, and the unique demands of spaceflight can also have significant effects on crew members.
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