Geiger-Muller Tubes

Geiger-Muller Tubes are radiation detectors used in space and astronautical engineering to measure ionizing radiation. They consist of a cylindrical metal tube filled with a low-pressure gas such as helium, neon, or argon. The tube has a thin wire anode running down its center and a metal cathode coating the inside of the tube. When ionizing radiation enters the tube, it ionizes the gas atoms, creating a cascade of electrons that are attracted to the anode, producing a detectable electrical pulse. Geiger-Muller Tubes are commonly used in space missions to measure the radiation environment and to ensure the safety of astronauts. They are also used in satellite and spacecraft design to test the effects of radiation on electronic components and to develop radiation-hardened systems.
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