Flame Trench

In space and astronautical engineering, a flame trench is a structure designed to direct the exhaust gases of a rocket engine away from the launch pad. It is typically a concrete trench or a steel structure lined with refractory bricks that can withstand the high temperatures and pressures of the rocket exhaust. The flame trench is usually located below the launch pad and is connected to the rocket engine through a flame deflector, which redirects the exhaust gases downwards. The purpose of the flame trench is to protect the launch pad and the surrounding area from the intense heat and acoustic energy generated by the rocket engine during liftoff.
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