Bone Mineral Density
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a measure of the amount of minerals, such as calcium, in a specific volume of bone. It is an important indicator of bone health and is used to diagnose osteoporosis, a condition in which bones become weak and brittle. BMD is typically measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, which produces a T-score that compares an individual's BMD to that of a healthy young adult. A T-score of -1.0 or higher is considered normal, while a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates low bone mass (osteopenia) and a T-score of -2.5 or lower indicates osteoporosis. BMD can be affected by a variety of factors, including age, sex, genetics, and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.
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