Lens Aberrations

Lens aberrations refer to the imperfections or deviations from an ideal lens behavior that can occur in optical systems. These aberrations can cause distortions, blurring, or other types of image degradation, and can be classified into several types, including chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, and distortion. Chromatic aberration occurs when different wavelengths of light are refracted differently, causing color fringing or blurring. Spherical aberration occurs when light rays passing through different parts of a lens are focused at different points, causing blurring or a loss of sharpness. Coma occurs when off-axis light rays are not focused at the same point as on-axis rays, causing a comet-like distortion. Astigmatism occurs when the curvature of the lens is not uniform, causing distortion or blurring in certain directions. Distortion occurs when straight lines are not rendered as straight lines in the image. Lens aberrations can be corrected through the use of specialized lens designs, coatings, or post-processing techniques.